Thursday, November 18, 2010

Is it possible to differentiate between Male & Female Skeleton (Before Puberty)???

The determination of sex in skeletons is only possible once the male or female has reached adolescence or adulthood
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Sexual dimorphism is slight in pre-adolescent children so this is a difficult task to perform if the skeleton is that of what might be a child.
A common way in which a pathologist and anthropologist might differentiate between male and female is quite simply bone size. This of course is not always accurate but for the most part male bones are larger in size to female bones and are so because of the addition muscle that may build up on the male body through adolescence and into adulthood.The pelvis area is another good way of differentiating between the sexes. A female will have a larger sub-pubic angle to that of a man and this is obviously indicative of child bearing requirements in the female that are not required in the male of the species. This difference is noticeable across all species in nature where birth is from the womb. The male's sub-pubic area is less than ninety degrees whilst the female's is more.The area around the pelvic inlet (in the middle of the pelvic bone) is larger in females than in men again with relevance to child bearing.

While there are several differences between male and female skeletons on average, all the differences are relative so it is nearly impossible to identify gender from skeletal measurements alone.

Monday, November 8, 2010

List of Institute offering MBA degree in Pharmacy field in INDIA

List of Institute offering MBA degree in Pharmacy field in INDIA

1.NIPER(Mohali)
2.MANIPAL (Uddapi)
3.JAMIA HUMDARD(Delhi)
4.NMIMS (Mumbai)
5.PUNJAB UNIVERSITY
6.MDU (Rohtak)
7.IIHMR(Jaipur)
8.IIPM(Lucknow)
9.SIES COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
10.INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT(KOLKATA)
11.IIMR PHARMA BUSINESS SCHOOL (DELHI)
12.PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY(C0RRESPONDENCE)

Best of Luck

Friday, November 5, 2010

Clinical Establishment Law, 2010 passed in Lok Sabha. vAGAIN NOTHING FOR PHARMACY)

Clinical Establishments Bill, 2010 passed in the Lok Sabha making it mandatory for all clinical establishments in the country to register as per the provisions of the new statute. The Bill, which has been pending for several years, aims to bring in uniformity in the healthcare delivery and prescribes penalty for the defaulting establishments. The legislation is now applicable to clinical establishments under all recognized systems of medicines or treatment under Allopathy and Ayush. It would apply to all the hospitals or clinics including single doctor establishments, with or without beds. The Act includes any laboratory, which offers pathological, bacteriological, genetic, radiological, chemical, biological and other diagnostic or investigative services. The government or a department of the government, a trust (public or private), a corporation (including a cooperative society), a local authority or a single doctor establishment can own the establishments.

A significant aspect of the new legislation is that it makes it obligatory for any doctor in a registered clinic, hospital or other clinical establishment to provide treatment to anyone who is brought in an emergency medical condition. No patient can be sent back on some reasons. The Act mandates every state to set up a multi-member State Council of Clinical Establishments without delay. The new Act requires that creation of a Registering Authority for Clinical Establishments in each state with a multi-member body at district level. The registration would be of two types, provisional and permanent. Permanent Registration would be provided after standards have been notified. There are different standards for different categories of clinical establishments.

It is rather strange that a country like India did not have a law to regulate clinical establishments for such a long time allowing them to operate without any laid down standards or ethics. Most of them have been following no good medical practices on their own and have been indulging in fraud and undesirable activities. One of the main culprits in this area used to be thousands of pathology laboratories spread across the country. Many a time incorrect assessment of the medical condition by these labs has been responsible for wrong prescription of medicines to the patients. Currently, health departments of most of the state governments do not have a system to check or monitor the activities of path labs or any other diagnostic centres.

As public health is largely a state subject, the Central health ministry has been rather passive in a framing a law to regulate these clinics, hospitals and laboratories. All these are going to change now with this new enactment. The legislation is expected to empower the state government or Registering Authority to direct any or all clinical establishments to furnish such returns/statistics or other information whenever required. Now the question is how soon this law is going to be enforced by the state governments. The ball is in their court. To pass on the benefit of the new law to the public, the state governments have to establish the necessary infrastructure and create a team regulatory staff in right earnest.