Free GPAT preparation

Dear all,
If u r preparing for GPAT Examination then follow given link and get daily free GPAT preparation question with right explanation..
THIS SERVICE IS ABSOLUTLY FREE....

http://labs.google.co.in/smschannels/subscribe/GPAT-RAVIVERMA

Is it possible to differentiate between Male & Female Skeleton (Before Puberty)???

The determination of sex in skeletons is only possible once the male or female has reached adolescence or adulthood

. Sexual dimorphism is slight in pre-adolescent children so this is a difficult task to perform if the skeleton is that of what might be a child.
A common way in which a pathologist and anthropologist might differentiate between male and female is quite simply bone size. This of course is not always accurate but for the most part male bones are larger in size to female bones and are so because of the addition muscle that may build up on the male body through adolescence and into adulthood.The pelvis area is another good way of differentiating between the sexes. A female will have a larger sub-pubic angle to that of a man and this is obviously indicative of child bearing requirements in the female that are not required in the male of the species. This difference is noticeable across all species in nature where birth is from the womb. The male's sub-pubic area is less than ninety degrees whilst the female's is more.The area around the pelvic inlet (in the middle of the pelvic bone) is larger in females than in men again with relevance to child bearing.

While there are several differences between male and female skeletons on average, all the differences are relative so it is nearly impossible to identify gender from skeletal measurements alone.

List of Institute offering MBA degree in Pharmacy field in INDIA

List of Institute offering MBA degree in Pharmacy field in INDIA

1.NIPER(Mohali)
2.MANIPAL (Uddapi)
3.JAMIA HUMDARD(Delhi)
4.NMIMS (Mumbai)
5.PUNJAB UNIVERSITY
6.MDU (Rohtak)
7.IIHMR(Jaipur)
8.IIPM(Lucknow)
9.SIES COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
10.INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT(KOLKATA)
11.IIMR PHARMA BUSINESS SCHOOL (DELHI)
12.PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY(C0RRESPONDENCE)

Best of Luck

Clinical Establishment Law, 2010 passed in Lok Sabha. vAGAIN NOTHING FOR PHARMACY)

Clinical Establishments Bill, 2010 passed in the Lok Sabha making it mandatory for all clinical establishments in the country to register as per the provisions of the new statute. The Bill, which has been pending for several years, aims to bring in uniformity in the healthcare delivery and prescribes penalty for the defaulting establishments. The legislation is now applicable to clinical establishments under all recognized systems of medicines or treatment under Allopathy and Ayush. It would apply to all the hospitals or clinics including single doctor establishments, with or without beds. The Act includes any laboratory, which offers pathological, bacteriological, genetic, radiological, chemical, biological and other diagnostic or investigative services. The government or a department of the government, a trust (public or private), a corporation (including a cooperative society), a local authority or a single doctor establishment can own the establishments.

A significant aspect of the new legislation is that it makes it obligatory for any doctor in a registered clinic, hospital or other clinical establishment to provide treatment to anyone who is brought in an emergency medical condition. No patient can be sent back on some reasons. The Act mandates every state to set up a multi-member State Council of Clinical Establishments without delay. The new Act requires that creation of a Registering Authority for Clinical Establishments in each state with a multi-member body at district level. The registration would be of two types, provisional and permanent. Permanent Registration would be provided after standards have been notified. There are different standards for different categories of clinical establishments.

It is rather strange that a country like India did not have a law to regulate clinical establishments for such a long time allowing them to operate without any laid down standards or ethics. Most of them have been following no good medical practices on their own and have been indulging in fraud and undesirable activities. One of the main culprits in this area used to be thousands of pathology laboratories spread across the country. Many a time incorrect assessment of the medical condition by these labs has been responsible for wrong prescription of medicines to the patients. Currently, health departments of most of the state governments do not have a system to check or monitor the activities of path labs or any other diagnostic centres.

As public health is largely a state subject, the Central health ministry has been rather passive in a framing a law to regulate these clinics, hospitals and laboratories. All these are going to change now with this new enactment. The legislation is expected to empower the state government or Registering Authority to direct any or all clinical establishments to furnish such returns/statistics or other information whenever required. Now the question is how soon this law is going to be enforced by the state governments. The ball is in their court. To pass on the benefit of the new law to the public, the state governments have to establish the necessary infrastructure and create a team regulatory staff in right earnest.

Why Aspirin (as an antipyratic) is contra-indicated in dengue ???

Dengue fever is transmitted by female Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes which acquire the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person.Dengue occurs in two forms: Dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever.
Dengue fever is marked by the onset of sudden high fever, severe headache and pain behind the eyes, muscles and joints.According to the World Health Organisation, dengue haemorrhagic fever is a potentially deadly complication that is characterised by high fever, often with enlargement of the liver and, in severe cases, circulatory failure.There is no specific treatment for dengue fever but early recognition and symptomatic treatment can save lives.
Use of aspirin during dengue fever is not recommended owing to increased bleeding tendency.Aspirin has an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting the production of thromboxane, which under normal circumstances binds platelet molecules together to create a patch over damage of the walls within blood vessels.

Difference between diclofenac sod. and potessium salt ......

Dilcofenic is a relatively potent NSAID. It is a phenylacetic or benzeneacetic acid derivative with the chemically designation 2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino phenylacetic acid or benzeneacetic acid, monosodium or monopotassium salt. Diclofenac sodium was first synthesised by Ciba-Geigy of Switzerland in 1965 and was launched as Voltaren in 1988.

The sodium salt and potassium salt of diclofenac used are biologically equivalent, with both being protonated by the acid in the stomach. One difference is that diclofenac potassium is slightly more soluble in water than diclofenac sodium.

source-www.drugs.com, www.assistpainrelief.com

How insulin and proinsulin are safe in lysosomal cavity,where they store normally

Insulin is thought to be chemically stabilized within -granules in the crystal form. The other major products of the -granule, proinsulin and C-peptide, by contrast, are not thought able to crystallize. The physico-chemical properties of peptides in soluble or crystalline form are dramatically different. The ability of insulin to crystallize in the -granule might thus explain why this peptide, but not proinsulin/Cpeptide, remains stable even after its introduction into lysosomes as occurs during granulolysis (crinophagy). We have now studied this by exposing proinsulin or insulin to lysosomal proteases in vitro. 125I-insulin in soluble form was found to be degraded at the same rate as 125I-proinsulin. Strikingly, however, when the labelled insulin was crystallized, its rate of degradation was decreased from 1.9 to 0.2 pmol/min. We take these data as confirmation that the insulin crystal is resistant to degradation, thereby possibly accounting for (a) the presence of insulin immunoreactivity within multigranular bodies, and (b) the unusually slow rate of degradation of insulin within B cells compared with that of other hormones in their cells of origin.

source of information
1.Resistance of the insulin crystal to lysosomal proteases: implications for pancreatic B-cell crinophagy
P. A. Halban, R. Mutkoski, G. Dodson and L. Orci

Case study

A 41 year-old man was admitted to the hospital with acute abdominal pain, which was diagnosed as a perforated duodenal ulcer.
Laparotomy was scheduled under general anesthesia. Induction was with thiopental, and vecuronium (a neuromuscular-blocking drug) was given in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg prior to intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide-isoflurane mixture, and two subsequent boluses of vecuronium 0.02 mg/kg were required to maintain 95% twitch height depression.
At the close of the surgical procedure, reversal of their muscular blockade was required.


1) What drug might be given to restore neuromuscular function?
-tubocurarine
-mecamylamine (Inversine)
-neostigmine (Prostigmin)
-atropine
-glycopyrrolate (Robinul)

2)How does neostigmine reverse vecuronium (Norcuron) effects that the neuromuscular junction?
- increases acetylcholine release
- blocks acetylcholine reuptake into cholinergic nerve terminals
- increases junctional acetylcholine by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase
- increases norepinephrine activity and presynaptic cholinergic terminals

3)What would be expectable side effects of neostigmine (Prostigmin)?
- smooth muscle constriction
- increase secretion
- sinus bradycardia
- all the above.

4)How can be used cholinergic side effect to be avoided?
- administration of atropine (0.02 mg/kg)
- administration glycopyrrolate (Robinul) (0.01 mg/kg)
- both
- neither

JAI HIND TO ALL

JAI HIND

Belated Happy Holi

Dear All,,,
Very warm Holi wishes to you...........

Missing U All

Dear students
I.O.P Sitapur,
I AM MISSINHG U ALL...HOPE WILL MEET IN NEXT MONTH.

GPAT EXAMINATION 2010

GRADUATE PHARMACY APTITUDE TEST - 2010 (GPAT 2010)

For more information:
http://www.gpat.in

IMPORTANT DATES FOR GPAT-2010

Issuing of application forms and information brochures at
Designated branches of Bank of Baroda in various cities or
By post only from The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara
25th January, 2010
Last date for issue of Application Form at
Bank Counters (during the Bank timings)
The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara (11:00 am to 05:00 pm)


22nd February, 2010

1st March, 2010
Last date for receipt of completed OMR Application Form along with Pay-in sleep
at GPAT Offfice, The M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara (upto 05:00 pm) 12th March, 2010
Date of GAPT 2010 Examination
(2:00 - 5:00 pm) 2nd May 2010
Announcement of the result of GPAT 2010
24th May 2010


Information Brochure and Application Form can be obtained on cash payment of Rs 1000/- (Rs 500/- for SC/ST/PD) From designated Branches of Bank of Baroda

AVAILABILITY OF APPLICATION FORMS in Punjab and Haryana

BHATINDA GURU KASHI ROAD, BAHTINDA-151001 PUNJAB Ph: 0164-5000041
HISAR S.C.NO. 178-179 URBAN ESTATE-1, RAILWAY ROAD, RED SQUARE MARKET, HISAR-125001 HARYANA Ph: 01662-237833
ROHTAK CIVIL ROAD, ROHTAK-124001, HARYANA Ph: 01262-252484

HAPPY REPUBLIC DAY

DEAR....
IT IS DAY TO HAVE AT LEAST ONE RESOLUTION FOR NATION.....

Frnds...I am glad to tell u that I have qualified PhD enterance of Jamia humdard......and going for interview at 13 Jan......

हैप्पी न्यू year

Happy new year.......................